![]() ![]() The Yamnaya Steppe pastoralist component is found in higher frequency among Indo-Aryan speakers, and is distributed throughout the Indian subcontinent at lower frequency. The specific Neolithic or Pre-Neolithic Iranian component, paired with substantial AASI ancestry, resulted in the Indus Periphery Cline, which is characteristic for South Asians and forms the base ancestry for all South Asian-derived groups. Modern South Asians are descendants of a combination of an indigenous South Asian component (termed Ancient Ancestral South Indians, short "AASI"), closest to Southern Indian tribal groups, and distantly related to the Andamanese peoples, as well as to East Asian people, and Aboriginal Australians, and later-arriving West Eurasian (Western-steppe herders/West Asian-related) and additional East/Southeast Asian components respectively. South Asian-specific ancestry is shown in 'dark green' and peaks among the Paniya tribal group. ![]() The populations are ordered geographically in a bar plot. Results of ADMIXTURE analysis at K8 ancestral components with global populations. The East Asian ancestry component forms the major ancestry among Tibeto-Burmese and Khasi-Aslian speakers, and is generally restricted to the Himalayan foothills and Northeast India, with substantial presence also in Mundari-speaking groups, as well as in some populations of northern, central and eastern South Asia. The ANI-ASI gradient, as demonstrated by the higher proportion of ANI in traditionally upper caste and Indo-European speakers, that resulted because of the admixture between the ANI and the ASI after 2000 BCE at various proportions is termed as the Indian Cline. The Indus Periphery ancestry, around the 2nd millennium BCE, mixed with another West Eurasian wave, the incoming mostly male-mediated Yamnaya-Steppe component to form the Ancestral North Indians (ANI), while at the same time it contributed to the formation of Ancestral South Indians (ASI) by admixture with hunter-gatherers having higher proportions of AASI-related ancestry. The West Eurasian ancestry, specifically an Iranian-related component, combined with varying degrees of AASI ancestry, formed the Indus Periphery Cline around ~5400–3700 BCE, the main ancestry of most modern South Asian groups. ![]() Using a proxy or simulated data for the AASI, it was found that the AASI are distinct from Western Eurasian groups and have a relative stronger connection to Andamanese Onge and East Asian peoples (East Eurasians). The AASI ancestry is hypothesized to be the ancestry of the very first hunter gatherers and peoples of the Indian subcontinent, before the later groups arrived. The AASI type ancestry is found at the highest levels among certain Southern Indian tribal groups, such as the Paniya or Irula, and is generally found throughout all South Asian ethnic groups in varying degrees. Modern South Asians are descendants of a combination of an indigenous South Asian component (termed Ancient Ancestral South Indians, short "AASI"), closest to Southern Indian tribal groups and distantly related to the Andamanese peoples, as well as to East Asian people and Aboriginal Australians, and later-arriving West-Eurasian (Western steppe herders/West Asian-related) and additional East/Southeast Asian components respectively. Conclusions of studies based on Y chromosome variation and autosomal DNA variation have been varied. The geographic position of the Indian subcontinent makes its biodiversity important for the study of the early dispersal of anatomically modern humans across Asia.īased on mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA) variations, genetic unity across various South Asian subpopulations have shown that most of the ancestral nodes of the phylogenetic tree of all the mtDNA types originated in the subcontinent. It aims at uncovering these groups' genetic histories. Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia is the study of the genetics and archaeogenetics of the ethnic groups of South Asia. ![]()
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